Book Review

Civil Rights Queen: Constance Baker Motley and the Struggle for Equality

by Tomiko Brown-Nagin. 512 pages. Pantheon: 2022. Kindle $14.99, Hardover $30.00.

This is the first major biography of one of an extremely influential judges who was an activist lawyer and became the first Black woman appointed to the federal judiciary, serving as a U.S. District Judge of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson.

“A must read for anyone who dares to believe that equal justice under the law is possible and is in search of a model for how to make it a reality.” —Anita Hill.

The author is the Civil Rights and legal historian and dean of the Harvard Radcliffe Institute, Tomiko Brown-Nagin.

Motley (1921-2005) was born to a blue-collar family in New Haven, Connecticut, during the Great Depression. In 1945, during Baker's second year at Columbia Law School, future United States Supreme Court Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall hired her as a law clerk. She worked on court martial cases that were filed after World War II. After graduating from Columbia's Law School in 1946, Baker became a civil rights lawyer anjd the first female lawyer with the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (LDF). As Associate Counsel to the LDF, she was the lead trial attorney in several early and historically important civil rights cases including representing the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., the Freedom Riders, and the Birmingham Children Marchers. She visited Rev. King Jr. when he was in jail, as well as spent a night with civil rights activist Medgar Evers under armed guard. In 1950, she wrote the original complaint in the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education.

Among other achievements, she was the first black woman to argue a case in front of the U.S. Supreme Court. The only black woman member in the legal team at the NAACP's Inc. Fund then, she defended the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in Birmingham, and was a central force in ending Jim Crow laws in the South. Motley also was the first black woman elected to the State Senate in New York (21st district) and the first woman elected Manhattan Borough President.

*****

Sources:

 "Motley, Constance Baker - Federal Judicial Center". www.fjc.gov.

 Mrs. Motley Inducted as Federal Judge in The New York Times on September 10, 1966 

 "Rep. Rangel Introduces Resolution Recognizing Life, Achievements of U.S. District Court Judge." US Fed News Service, Including US State News, Feb 28, 2007.